Improvement in deodorizing oils obtained from acid tar of oil-re neries



Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 138,629, dated May 6, 1873; applis tion filed April 3, 1873. 7

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD GAGGIN, of the city and county of Erie and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improved Method of Deodorizing Oil obtained from the Acid Tar of Oil-Refineries, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description:

The nature of my invention consists in procuring from the acid tar of petroleum-refineries, by the processes hereinafter described, a fine lubricating oil, and one that is a cheap and exceedingly desirable substitute for linseed-oil in the manufacture of printers ink. By my system, first of diluting the acid tar, and in then, by a moderate heat, so treating the same or distilling the oil therefrom as to obtain an oil of uniform specific gravity, and one that is entirely free from all light oils which would run through the paper, as well as an oil that in its process of distillation has had abstracted from it all the sulphur and snlphurous gases which these oils generally contain, and the presence of which would render the oils most objectionable for the purposes for which I contemplate using them.

I deodorize the oil by treating the same with the milk of chloride of lime, or chloride of lime dissolved in water at a temperature not higher than about 140. The great advantage of treating it at about this heat is found in the fact that all danger of the chloride so acting upon the oil as in any manner to injure the same is securely guarded against. After the oil has been thus treated and the limy sediment has been drawn 011' I introduce a caustic or carbonated alkali. which neutralizes whatever of chlorides or chlorine that may remain.

The construction and operation of my invention are as follows: In a suitable vessel by heat, the use of benzine or a light and cheap oil, or a combination of two, more, orall of these, I dilute the acid tar, and then, by repeated washings with water, free the diluted tar of nearly all its acid, which is readily done, owing to the natural affinity which the acid has for the water. The tar having been thus diluted, and the oil obtained having been comparatively freed of its acid I distill with a moderate heat, and then redistill all the oil that is thrown ofi from about 35 to the end of the run, (as measured Baums hydrometer graduated for petroleum oils.) The second u stillation, under a moderate heat, I cont'ue until the specific gravity of the oil has llen to about 22, after which all that is dra be used either as a lubricant r as a substitute for linseed-oil in the nufacture of printers ink; or else when the ydrometer indicates a specific gravity of 4 I cease the distillation and draw off .wh ever may remain in the still for the same i nrposes. By either of these processes my wn practical experience has fully demonstted the fact dorized. This I accomplish cj placing the oil in an agitator or treating-t 1k, and while the same is subjected to a heat f not greater than 140 I introduce the mil 1 of chloride of lime. It is exceedingly impo ant that the degree of heat should not be greater than stated, for if it is and shoul reach, say, 180,the chlorine will act too owerfully on the oil, decomposing the same 0 y seizing the hydrogen of the oil, and ts forming a chloride'of hydrogen, which ingling with the water of the solution wij form hydrochloric acid,-while the carbon 0 {the oil would unite with another portion 0 the chlorine and form a. chloride of carb that would render the oil unfit for either 0 the purposes for which I contemplate usin it. The limy sediment is now drawn 0d, a I introduce either a caustic or'carbonated lkali for the purpose of neutralizing any o the chlorides or chlorine that may remainLThe alkaline 

